The most common type of deer species in American forests is the white-tailed deer, thriving across much of the country. However, there are other important species like mule deer, elk, and moose that shape the landscapes they inhabit. Understanding the different types of deer, their habitats, and behaviors is crucial for wildlife enthusiasts and hunters alike.
This article provides a comprehensive look at the top 10 deer species in America, giving you essential insights into their unique characteristics and roles in the ecosystem. Dive in to explore the world of these magnificent animals.
Summary of Common Deer Species in American Forests
| Deer Species | Physical Features | Weight Range | Habitat | Hunting Difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White-Tailed Deer | Medium size, reddish-brown in summer, grayish-brown in winter, white under the tail | 90–300 lbs | Forests, farmlands, suburban areas | ★★★☆☆ |
| Mule Deer | Large ears, forked antlers, grayish-brown coat | 95–330 lbs | Mountainous regions, foothills, desert landscapes | ★★★★☆ |
| Black-Tailed Deer | Dark coat, black-tipped tail, smaller than mule deer | 70–200 lbs | Coastal regions, temperate rainforests | ★★★★☆ |
| Elk (Wapiti) | Massive antlers, reddish-brown body, dark brown mane | 500–1,100 lbs | Forests, meadows, mountainous regions | ★★★★★ |
| Moose | Long legs, shoulder hump, broad palm-shaped antlers | 800–1,800 lbs | Boreal forests, wetlands | ★★★★★ |
| Sika Deer | Reddish-brown coat with white spots, small size | 70–180 lbs | Marshes, coastal woodlands | ★★★☆☆ |
| Fallow Deer | Variety of coat colors, palmated antlers | 80–220 lbs | Mixed woodlands, grassy areas | ★★★☆☆ |
| Coues Deer | Small size, grayish coat, small antlers | 65–110 lbs | Desert mountains, scrublands | ★★★★☆ |
| Key Deer | Smallest deer species, reddish-brown coat | 45–80 lbs | Pine rocklands, hardwood hammocks (Florida Keys) | ★★★☆☆ |
| Caribou | Large, thick fur, concave hooves, both sexes have antlers | 180–500 lbs | Tundra, boreal forests (Arctic regions) | ★★★★★ |
1. White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)
Scientific Name: Odocoileus virginianus
Shoulder Height: 3–3.5 feet
Weight:
- Does: 90–200 lbs
- Bucks: 130–300 lbs
The white-tailed deer is the most common and widely distributed deer species in North America, with an estimated population exceeding 30 million.
Physical Characteristics
White-tailed deer are medium-sized mammals with a coat that changes color seasonally—reddish-brown in the summer and grayish-brown in the winter—to provide camouflage. They are named for the white underside of their tail, which they raise as a warning signal when alarmed.
Bucks develop antlers that can have multiple points and are shed and regrown annually. Antler size and branching are influenced by age, nutrition, and genetics.
Unique Behavior & Habits
Highly adaptable, white-tailed deer are crepuscular, being most active during dawn and dusk. They have excellent senses of smell and hearing, which help them detect predators.
When sensing danger, they perform a “flagging” behavior by raising their tail to alert other deer. Their social structure is matriarchal, with females and their offspring forming small groups.
Preferred Habitat
White-tailed deer inhabit a wide range of habitats, from forests and farmlands to suburban areas and swamps.
They prefer areas with dense vegetation for cover and open spaces for feeding. Their adaptability to different habitats has facilitated their expansion across most of North America, from southern Canada to parts of South America.
Mating & Reproduction
The breeding season, or rut, peaks between October and December. Bucks compete for does through displays of dominance and antler wrestling.
After a gestation period of about 200 days, does give birth to one to three spotted fawns in late spring or early summer. Fawns are born scentless and rely on their spotted coats for camouflage while hiding from predators.
Hunting Opportunities
White-tailed deer are the most popular game animal in the United States. Regulated hunting is essential for managing their populations, which can grow rapidly due to high reproductive rates and a lack of natural predators in some areas.
Hunting seasons and regulations vary by state to ensure sustainable population levels.
Diet
Their diet consists of a wide variety of vegetation, including grasses, leaves, buds, and fruits. Seasonal changes influence their food preferences, with more woody browse consumed in winter when other food sources are scarce.
They are also known to feed on agricultural crops, sometimes causing conflicts with farmers.
Population Status
The population of white-tailed deer has rebounded from historical lows due to conservation efforts. Overhunting and habitat loss in the 19th and early 20th centuries severely reduced their numbers.
Today, they are abundant, and in some areas, overpopulation has become a concern due to the lack of natural predators.
Conservation Efforts
Conservation measures have included regulated hunting, habitat management, and reintroduction programs. Wildlife agencies monitor populations to ensure ecological balance and prevent negative impacts on habitats.
Education programs promote coexistence between humans and deer, especially in suburban areas.
Predators and Threats
Natural predators include coyotes, bobcats, wolves, and mountain lions, primarily preying on fawns and weakened adults.
Human activities such as vehicle collisions, habitat fragmentation, and poaching pose significant threats. Diseases like chronic wasting disease (CWD) also impact populations.
Human Interactions
White-tailed deer often come into contact with humans, leading to both positive and negative interactions. They are appreciated for their beauty and are a popular subject for wildlife watchers and photographers. However, they can also cause property damage and are involved in many vehicle collisions annually.
Studies have shown that white-tailed deer can significantly impact forest regeneration by over-browsing on young saplings, which can lead to reduced biodiversity in affected areas (Source: Journal of Wildlife Management).
2. Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus)
Scientific Name: Odocoileus hemionus
Shoulder Height: 3–3.5 feet
Weight:
- Does: 95–200 lbs
- Bucks: 125–330 lbs
Named for their large, mule-like ears, mule deer are prevalent in the western regions of the United States.
Physical Characteristics
Mule deer have a grayish-brown coat with a white rump patch and a black-tipped tail. Their antlers are distinctive, branching equally into two beams that further divide, giving them a forked appearance.
Bucks can weigh up to 330 pounds, making them one of the larger deer species in North America.
Unique Behavior & Habits
They are known for their unique “stotting” gait, where they bound with all four feet off the ground simultaneously. This behavior helps them quickly navigate rocky and uneven terrain.
Mule deer are migratory in some regions, traveling between high-elevation summer ranges and lower wintering grounds.
Preferred Habitat
They inhabit a variety of environments, including mountainous regions, foothills, and desert landscapes. Mule deer prefer areas with a mix of open spaces for feeding and rugged terrain for shelter. They are commonly found in states like Colorado, Utah, and Arizona.
Mating & Reproduction
The rut occurs from late November to early December. Bucks become more aggressive and may engage in intense battles for breeding rights.
Does usually give birth to one or two fawns in late spring, often in secluded areas to protect them from predators.
Hunting Opportunities
Mule deer hunting is popular due to the species’ size and the challenging terrains they inhabit. Licenses are often limited and require planning and preparation.
Hunters value mule deer for their meat and impressive antlers.
Diet
Their diet mainly consists of shrubs, grasses, and forbs. Seasonal migrations allow them to exploit different food resources throughout the year. In winter, they rely more on woody plants when other vegetation is scarce.
Population Status
Mule deer populations have experienced fluctuations due to habitat loss and changes in land use. Conservation efforts focus on habitat restoration and monitoring population health. Predation and severe weather can also impact their numbers.
Conservation Efforts
Habitat conservation and management are critical for maintaining healthy mule deer populations. Wildlife corridors are established to facilitate safe migration routes. Research and monitoring help inform management decisions.
Predators and Threats
Natural predators include mountain lions, coyotes, and bears. Human activities such as urban development and road construction fragment their habitats. Overhunting and poaching also pose threats in some areas.
Human Interactions
Mule deer can cause agricultural damage by feeding on crops and ornamental plants. They are also a concern for vehicle collisions in regions where roads intersect migration routes. Public education campaigns aim to reduce negative encounters.
Research indicates that mule deer are sensitive to habitat fragmentation, which can disrupt migration patterns and reduce genetic diversity (Source: Conservation Biology Journal).
3. Black-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)
Scientific Name: Odocoileus hemionus columbianus
Shoulder Height: 2.5–3 feet
Weight:
- Does: 70–140 lbs
- Bucks: 110–200 lbs
A subspecies of the mule deer, the black-tailed deer is native to the coastal regions of the Pacific Northwest.
Physical Characteristics
Black-tailed deer have a dark brown to almost black tail and a generally darker coat than other deer species. They are smaller than mule deer, with bucks weighing up to 200 pounds. Their antlers are forked like those of mule deer but are usually smaller and less complex.
Unique Behavior & Habits
They are elusive and prefer dense forest habitats, making them harder to spot. Black-tailed deer are less migratory but may move to lower elevations during harsh winters. They are known for their wariness and acute senses, which help them avoid predators.
Preferred Habitat
They inhabit temperate rainforests, coastal woodlands, and mountainous regions from northern California to Alaska. Dense understory vegetation provides ample food and cover. They prefer habitats with a mix of coniferous and deciduous trees.
Mating & Reproduction
The breeding season occurs in late fall. Bucks engage in displays and fights to establish dominance. Does give birth to one or two fawns in late spring or early summer, often in secluded areas.
Hunting Opportunities
Hunting black-tailed deer requires patience and skill due to their elusive nature. They are a prized game species among hunters in the Pacific Northwest. Hunting regulations are in place to maintain sustainable populations.
Diet
Their diet consists mainly of shrubs, forbs, and grasses. They browse on a variety of vegetation, including berries and mushrooms. Seasonal availability of food sources influences their foraging behavior.
Population Status
Populations are generally stable but can be affected by habitat loss. Urban development and logging activities can impact their habitats. Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation.
Conservation Efforts
Habitat management and protection are key conservation strategies. Wildlife corridors help maintain genetic diversity. Monitoring programs track population health and trends.
Predators and Threats
Predators include cougars, wolves, and bears. Human activities such as deforestation and road construction pose significant threats. Diseases and parasites can also affect their health.
Human Interactions
They occasionally enter suburban areas, leading to vehicle collisions. Public education aims to reduce negative encounters. Hunters contribute to conservation funding through license fees.
4. Elk (Cervus canadensis)
Scientific Name: Cervus canadensis
Shoulder Height: 4–5 feet
Weight:
- Cows: 500–600 lbs
- Bulls: 700–1,100 lbs
Also known as wapiti, elk are one of the largest deer species and are renowned for their impressive antlers and vocalizations.
Physical Characteristics
Elk have a reddish-brown body with a dark brown mane and a light-colored rump patch. Bulls grow massive antlers that can reach lengths of up to four feet. These antlers are shed and regrown annually, increasing in size each year. They have an excellent sense of smell, and this deer can smell you from quite a distance.
Unique Behavior & Habits
Elk are highly social and form large herds. During the rut, bulls emit loud bugling calls to attract cows and establish dominance. They engage in antler wrestling to compete for mates.
Preferred Habitat
They inhabit forests, meadows, and mountainous regions, primarily in the western United States. Elk prefer areas with a mix of open grasslands for feeding and forests for cover. Significant populations exist in national parks and protected areas.
Mating & Reproduction
The rut occurs in the fall, typically from September to October. Dominant bulls gather harems of cows and defend them from rival males. After a gestation period of about 250 days, cows give birth to a single calf in late spring.
Hunting Opportunities
Elk hunting is challenging due to their size and the rugged terrain they inhabit. Hunters often use calls to mimic bugling and attract bulls. Hunting permits are regulated and may be allocated through lotteries.
Diet
Elk are grazers, feeding primarily on grasses and forbs. In winter, they consume woody vegetation like bark and twigs. Their large size requires substantial daily food intake.
Population Status
Elk populations are generally stable due to successful conservation efforts. Overhunting in the past reduced their numbers significantly. Reintroduction programs have helped restore populations in some areas.
Conservation Efforts
Conservation measures include habitat management and controlled hunting. National parks and reserves provide protected habitats. Organizations monitor populations to prevent overharvesting.
Predators and Threats
Natural predators include wolves, bears, and mountain lions. Human activities such as habitat fragmentation pose threats. Diseases like chronic wasting disease can impact herds.
Human Interactions
Elk can cause agricultural damage by grazing on crops. They are popular for wildlife viewing and tourism. Vehicle collisions are a concern in areas where elk cross roadways.
5. Moose (Alces alces)
Scientific Name: Alces alces
Shoulder Height: 5–6.5 feet
Weight:
- Cows: 800–1,300 lbs
- Bulls: 1,000–1,800 lbs
The moose is the largest member of the deer family and is known for its massive size and distinctive antlers.
Physical Characteristics
Moose have long legs, a hump on their shoulders, and a drooping nose. Bulls grow broad, palm-shaped antlers that can span over six feet. They have a dark brown to black coat, and males possess a “bell,” a flap of skin under the throat.
Unique Behavior & Habits
Moose are generally solitary animals. They are excellent swimmers and can dive underwater to feed on aquatic plants. Moose can be aggressive when threatened, especially during the rut.
Preferred Habitat
They are found in boreal and mixed deciduous forests with abundant wetlands. Moose prefer habitats with young, regenerating forests where food is plentiful. They are commonly found in Alaska, the Northeast, and parts of the Rocky Mountains.
Mating & Reproduction
The rut occurs in the fall, from September to October. Bulls compete for cows through displays and fights. After an eight-month gestation, cows give birth to one or two calves in the spring.
Hunting Opportunities
Moose hunting requires significant preparation and often involves remote areas. Permits are limited and regulated. Hunters prize moose for their meat and antlers.
Diet
Their diet includes aquatic vegetation, shrubs, and tree bark. Moose feed heavily on willow, birch, and aspen. In winter, they browse on twigs and conifers.
Population Status
Moose populations vary by region, with some areas experiencing declines. Factors such as climate change and parasite infestations affect populations. Monitoring programs track changes in numbers.
Conservation Efforts
Conservation focuses on habitat preservation and research. Wildlife corridors help maintain genetic diversity. Management plans address issues like overbrowsing and human-wildlife conflicts.
Predators and Threats
Predators include wolves and bears, mainly preying on calves. Human activities like deforestation and vehicle collisions pose significant threats. Diseases like brainworm can impact health.
Human Interactions
Moose often come into contact with humans, especially in rural areas. They can cause traffic accidents due to their size. Public education promotes safety and awareness.
6. Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)
Scientific Name: Cervus nippon
Shoulder Height: 2.5–3 feet
Weight:
- Hinds: 70–100 lbs
- Stags: 100–180 lbs
Originally from East Asia, sika deer have established wild populations in parts of the eastern United States.
Physical Characteristics
Sika deer are small to medium-sized with a reddish-brown coat featuring white spots year-round. Males have dark shaggy manes and grow antlers with up to four points. They weigh between 70 to 180 pounds.
Unique Behavior & Habits
They are known for their vocalizations, including whistles and screams. Sika deer are crepuscular and nocturnal. They are excellent swimmers and may inhabit marshy areas.
Preferred Habitat
In the U.S., they are found primarily in Maryland and Virginia. They inhabit marshes, coastal woodlands, and wetlands. Dense vegetation provides cover and food.
Mating & Reproduction
The rut occurs in late fall. Stags establish territories and attract hinds through vocalizations. After a gestation of about 7.5 months, hinds give birth to a single fawn.
Hunting Opportunities
Sika deer offer unique hunting experiences due to their elusive nature. Hunting helps manage populations and reduce competition with native species. Regulations vary by state.
Diet
Their diet includes grasses, leaves, and aquatic plants. They browse on a variety of vegetation. Seasonal changes affect food availability.
Population Status
Populations are localized but stable. They can impact native ecosystems. Monitoring ensures they do not become invasive.
Conservation Efforts
Management focuses on controlling population growth. Efforts aim to prevent negative impacts on native species. Public awareness campaigns educate about their presence.
Predators and Threats
Predators include coyotes and bobcats. Habitat loss and human activities are significant threats. Diseases can affect health.
Human Interactions
They may cause agricultural damage. Public encounters are less common due to their elusiveness. Hunting contributes to conservation funding.
7. Fallow Deer (Dama dama)
Scientific Name: Dama dama
Shoulder Height: 3–3.5 feet
Weight:
- Does: 80–120 lbs
- Bucks: 130–220 lbs
Fallow deer are native to Eurasia but have been introduced to various parts of the United States.
Physical Characteristics
Fallow deer exhibit a variety of coat colors, including spotted, dark brown, and white. Bucks have palmated antlers resembling a flattened hand. They are medium-sized deer.
Unique Behavior & Habits
They are social animals forming large herds. During the rut, bucks establish territories called “leks.” They engage in vocalizations known as groaning to attract does.
Preferred Habitat
They prefer mixed woodlands with open grassy areas. In the U.S., they are often found on private ranches and preserves. Their adaptability allows them to thrive in various environments.
Mating & Reproduction
The breeding season occurs in the fall. Does give birth to one or two fawns after a gestation of about 230 days. Fawns are born with spotted coats.
Hunting Opportunities
They are popular game animals on hunting preserves. Hunting helps control populations and prevent ecological impacts. Regulations ensure sustainable practices.
Diet
Their diet consists of grasses, leaves, and herbs. They browse and graze depending on food availability. Seasonal changes influence dietary habits.
Population Status
Populations are stable where they are managed. They can become invasive if not controlled. Monitoring helps prevent negative impacts.
Conservation Efforts
Efforts focus on management within preserves. Education promotes responsible hunting. Habitat management ensures healthy populations.
Predators and Threats
Natural predators are limited in introduced areas. Human management controls population size. Diseases can affect herd health.
Human Interactions
They can cause agricultural damage if populations are unmanaged. Hunting provides economic benefits. Public education reduces conflicts.
8. Coues Deer (Odocoileus virginianus couesi)
Scientific Name: Odocoileus virginianus couesi
Shoulder Height: 2–3 feet
Weight:
- Does: 65–85 lbs
- Bucks: 95–110 lbs
A smaller subspecies of the white-tailed deer, the Coues deer is known for its elusive nature.
Physical Characteristics
Coues deer have a grayish coat with a white underbelly. Bucks have small antlers relative to body size. They are smaller than other white-tailed deer.
Unique Behavior & Habits
They are extremely wary with keen senses. Coues deer are adept at navigating rugged, arid environments. They can go long periods without water.
Preferred Habitat
They inhabit desert mountains and scrublands of the southwestern U.S. Their range includes Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Mexico. They prefer areas with dense cover.
Mating & Reproduction
The rut occurs from December to January. Bucks seek out does during the breeding season. Fawns are born in late spring.
Hunting Opportunities
Hunting Coues deer is challenging due to terrain and elusiveness. Success requires patience and skill. They are highly prized among hunters.
Diet
Their diet includes leaves, twigs, and cactus fruits. They feed on available vegetation adapted to arid climates. Drought conditions can affect food sources.
Population Status
Populations are stable but localized. Habitat loss can impact numbers. Conservation focuses on habitat preservation.
Conservation Efforts
Habitat management ensures sustainable populations. Wildlife agencies monitor health and numbers. Regulations control hunting pressure.
Predators and Threats
Predators include mountain lions and coyotes. Human activities like development pose threats. Water scarcity can affect survival.
Human Interactions
They rarely come into contact with humans due to remote habitats. Education promotes conservation awareness. Hunting contributes to local economies.
9. Key Deer (Odocoileus virginianus clavium)
Scientific Name: Odocoileus virginianus clavium
Shoulder Height: 2–2.5 feet
Weight:
- Does: 45–65 lbs
- Bucks: 55–80 lbs
The Key deer is an endangered species found exclusively in the Florida Keys.
Physical Characteristics
Key deer are the smallest North American deer. They have a reddish-brown to grayish-brown coat. Bucks have small antlers.
Unique Behavior & Habits
They are less fearful of humans and often seen near roads. Their small size is due to insular dwarfism. Freshwater is a critical resource for them.
Preferred Habitat
They inhabit pine rocklands, hardwood hammocks, and mangroves. Limited to the lower Florida Keys. They require habitats with freshwater sources.
Mating & Reproduction
Breeding occurs from September to December. Does give birth to one fawn after about seven months. Fawns are born throughout the year.
Hunting Opportunities
Hunting Key deer is illegal due to endangered status. Conservation efforts focus on protection. Public awareness campaigns promote safety.
Diet
Their diet includes native plants, leaves, and berries. They forage in various habitats. Human-provided food can disrupt natural behaviors.
Population Status
Populations are critically low but have shown some recovery. Threats include habitat loss and vehicle collisions. Conservation efforts are ongoing.
Conservation Efforts
Protected under the Endangered Species Act. Habitat restoration and protection are priorities. Efforts include reducing human-wildlife conflicts.
Predators and Threats
Predators are limited but include alligators and crocodiles. Human activities pose the greatest threats. Hurricanes can impact habitats.
Human Interactions
They often interact with residents and tourists. Feeding them is discouraged to prevent habituation. Conservation education is essential.
10. Caribou (Rangifer tarandus)
Scientific Name: Rangifer tarandus
Shoulder Height: 4–5 feet
Weight:
- Cows: 180–300 lbs
- Bulls: 350–500 lbs
Known as reindeer in Eurasia, caribou are adapted to Arctic and subarctic regions.
Physical Characteristics
Both sexes grow antlers, with bulls having larger ones. They have thick fur with hollow hairs for insulation. Caribou have large, concave hooves. Caribou are also the fastest deer species in America at 50-55 mph.
Unique Behavior & Habits
They undertake long migrations annually. Caribou form large herds numbering thousands. Their movements are influenced by seasonal food availability.
Preferred Habitat
They inhabit tundra and boreal forests in Alaska and Canada. Open landscapes allow them to spot predators. Lichens are a significant part of their diet.
Mating & Reproduction
The rut occurs in October. Bulls compete for cows by displaying antlers. Cows give birth to a single calf in late spring.
Hunting Opportunities
Caribou hunting requires remote travel and preparation. Regulated to ensure sustainability. Hunters must be prepared for harsh conditions.
Diet
Their diet includes lichens, grasses, and shrubs. They dig through snow to access food in winter. Diet changes with seasons.
Population Status
Some populations are declining due to climate change. Habitat alteration affects migration routes. Conservation efforts aim to stabilize numbers.
Conservation Efforts
Management plans address climate impacts. Protection of critical habitats is essential. International cooperation is involved.
Predators and Threats
Predators include wolves and bears. Climate change poses significant threats. Human activities can disrupt habitats.
Human Interactions
Indigenous communities rely on caribou for sustenance. Ecotourism provides economic opportunities. Conservation balances human needs and wildlife protection.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Deer Species in America
1. What is the most common deer species in America?
The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is the most common and widely distributed deer species in North America, with an estimated population of over 30 million.
2. How can I differentiate between a mule deer and a white-tailed deer?
Mule deer have larger, mule-like ears and forked antlers, while white-tailed deer have smaller ears and antlers with a more typical branched pattern. Mule deer are more common in the western U.S., whereas white-tailed deer dominate the east.
3. Are moose considered part of the deer family?
Yes, moose (Alces alces) are the largest member of the deer family. They are characterized by their large size, long legs, and broad, palm-shaped antlers.
4. What habitats do most deer species in America prefer?
Different deer species prefer varying habitats. White-tailed deer thrive in forests and farmlands, while mule deer prefer mountainous regions. Elk and moose inhabit forests and grasslands, often in more rugged terrain.
5. Can deer populations become overpopulated?
Yes, in some areas, especially where natural predators are scarce, deer populations can grow rapidly, leading to overpopulation. This can cause issues like habitat degradation and conflicts with humans.
6. What are the primary predators of deer in America?
Natural predators include coyotes, wolves, bears, bobcats, and mountain lions. However, human activity (e.g., hunting and vehicle collisions) also plays a significant role in managing deer populations.
7. How does deer hunting help with conservation efforts?
Regulated deer hunting helps maintain healthy deer populations, preventing overpopulation and ensuring ecological balance. Hunting also provides funding for wildlife management and conservation programs.
Quiz Time – Types of Deer
Test Your Knowledge on American Deer Species
Key Takeaways – Types of Deer
- White-Tailed Deer: The most common deer species in North America, recognized by their reddish-brown coat in summer and white under their tail for alarm signals.
- Mule Deer: Known for their large, mule-like ears and unique bounding gait, they are prevalent in western U.S. regions.
- Black-Tailed Deer: A smaller, coastal subspecies of the mule deer, typically found in the Pacific Northwest.
- Elk: One of the largest deer species, characterized by their bugling calls and massive antlers, often inhabiting rugged, forested terrain.
- Moose: The largest member of the deer family, found in northern U.S. and Canada, with a unique hump and broad, palm-shaped antlers.
- Sika Deer: Originally from Asia, this small deer species has established populations in the eastern U.S. and thrives in marshes and coastal woodlands.
Caribou: Known for their long migrations and large herds, both males and females grow antlers, primarily found in Arctic and subarctic regions.
Discover more from RarelyAskedOutdoorQuestions
Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.
